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(No Model.)

. /N. POUCHKAREPF.

LAMP.'

3 Sheets- Sheet I No. 374,700. Patented Dc. 13 1887.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.`

N. POUGHKAREPF.

L AMP. No. 374,700. y Patented Deo. 13, 1887.

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(No Model.)

N. POUCHKARBFF- LAMP.

' No. 374,700. Patented Deo. 13, 1887.

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'UNITED STATES PATENT' Ormea.

NICHOLAS POUCHKAREFF, OF ST. PETERSBURGH, RUSSIA.

LAMP.

SPECFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 374,700. dated December 13l 1867.

AApplication filed January 13, 1S7. Serial No. 224,231. (No model.)

.'Z'o aidu/71,0711, it may concern/.-

Be it known that I, NICHOLAS PoUoHKA- REEF, gentleman, a subject of the Czar of Russia, residing at St. Petersburgh, Russia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lamps; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ot' the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or iigures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a top plan view ot' a lamp provided with my improved burner and means for automatically extinguishing the flame. Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a like view of the burner detached from the lamp, ,showing the extinguisher-tube in the position` it assumes when released from its retaining devices.

Figs. 4. and 5 are vertical axial-sectionstof the burner, taken at right angles to eachother. Figs. 6 'and 7 show by a top plan view and a sectional side elevation a 'lamp provided with a burner slightly modified in its construction, and Fig. 8 is a vertical axial section of the burner thereof.

This invention has for its object to provide means to promote the combustion in hydrocarbon-lamps, thereby increasing the brilliancy ofthe ilame and reducingitsliability to smoke; to provide means for varying the shape of the dame, and to provide means for lessening the danger of explosion from gases generated in the oil-fount, and, iinally, to avoid the use of the ordinary chimney, all of which results are obtained through the medium of a burner of novel construction.

The invention has for its further object to combine with theburner extinguishing devices that will operate automatically in case the lamp is overturned.

To these ends t-he invention consists in the construction of the burner and the combination therewith of means for regulating the shape of the flame and automatically extinguishing the same, substantially as hereinafter described, and as set forth inthe claims. In the drawings, A indicates the oil-reservoir, which may be constructed of any desired appropriatematerial and of any desired shape,

the reservoir as shown in the drawings sim-l ply serving as an illustration of that part of the invention to which I desire to lay no claim of novelty, as any kind of reservoir for the oil will answer the purpose. l The burner comprises a wick-tube, B, which is a iiat tube, as shown, to hold the wick B', which latter is adjusted by any usual wick- 6o raising devices, such as a rod and ratchet or toothed wheel, K, that has its bearing in the lower enlarged annular base, I), of tube B, saidbase b serving as a cap forthe oil-reservoir A, to which it is screwedin the usualmanner.

To the base b are secured two supports or standards, D, extending along the opposite narrow sides of the wick-tube B, as shown in Figs. 1 to 5, said supports being provided at their upper ends with socket or sleeve'bea-r- 7c ings d, in which are iitted lugs orfeetf, projecting from the narrower sides, f, of a burner cap or casing, F, of substantially polygonal shape, said lugs or feet being simply a prolongation ot' the sides f of the` cap F. As 75 more plainly shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the narrower sides offthe cap F are bent inwardly from a point, f3, to a point, f4, at which point they terminate, and said sides are devoid of perforations. The longer sides, f, ofthe po- 8o lygonal cap F are provided with perforations f5 and terminate in two lips or wings, F', bent toward each other and substantially of the form ot' a flattened ellipse, as shown. A

The perforations f5, as shown, yare so ar- 8 5 ranged as to admit the airin planes below the upper end of the wick and considerably below the actual illuminating-zone, the upper line of perforations being'in line with the upper edge of the wick-tube.

The lips or wings F project from the body of thecap F, or from the line f* thereof, as shown, forming above the burner a slit or slot, F2, Fig. l, the width of which gradually increases from the center to its extremities. The 95 cap F, as shown, completely surrounds the upper end of the wick-tube B, and has in its bottom F3 an opening, f6, of the formof the wick-tube, but of such dimensions as to leave an air-space around said tube. roo

The cap F is seated in the sleeves or sockets of the supports D, so that it may be adjusted j, vertically therein and held in position by frictional contact. By adjusting the capverti-V cally on the burner the shape of the flame mayV be varied within certain limits. A When in the position shown in the drawings-that is toof that of an ordinary gas-burner, and by moving the cap F vertically the said flame becomes more and more elongated. s

The fact that the narrower sides ofthe burner-cap F are devoid of perforations is of the greatest importance, and the combustion depends largely upon this feature. The air, being admitted from two opposite sides, tends, so to speak, to flatten and condense the tlame, allowing it to spread laterally, or in one direction only, and as it reaches the throat of. the cap or case F said flame is again contracted, and then allowed to spread laterally as it passes between the lips F of the burner-cap', producing an exceedingly bright smokeless flame. The air, being admitted at a point below the zone of combustion into the burnercap and at the bottom of the latter, is considerably heated before it commingles with the flame. y

The means I employ for automatically extinguishing the lamp in case it should be accidentally upset, or to extinguish the same without lowering the wick, are arranged `and operate as follows: Around the wick-tube B is loosely iitted a shorter tube, G, that has a flange, g, at its `lower end. The tube G is seated on a coiled spring, S, that encircles the wick-tu be B, said spring4 bearing against the flange of tube G and on the base b ofthe said wick-tube. G is held depressed, so that its Vupper 'edge will lie slightly below the upper edge vof the wick-tube, by means of a lever, H, pivoted to a bracket-arm, J, secured to the base b of the wick-tube, said bracket-arm terminating in a The lip h of the lever engages the flange g, or a lip projecting therefrom, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. '-Io the lever H is connected one end ot' a cha/in, C, that has a weight, XV, attached to its other end, and when the lamp is in use the said weight is placedin the loop or eye j of the bracket-arm J, from which it is supported.

Should the lamp be upset or sutTi-cientliy tilted to allow the weightW to drop from the loop j, or should said weight be purposely ously extinguishing the flame. There are, however, other important results obtained from the described construction. As the deflector or burner-cap surrounds but a comparatively small portion of the upper end of the wicktube, nearly the entire tube is 'exposed to the ambient air. The lateral air-currents, being When the lamp is in use, the tube widened at that portion of the wick-tube liable to become most heated, absorb a large pro portion of its heat, and, together with the ascending currents on all sides of the tube, prevent the latter from becoming heated and transmitting its heat to the oil in the fount. The generation of gases is therefore almost absolutely avoided. The screw cap bl being chambered and containing the wick-raising devices, an air-chamber is formed that further tends to keep the wick-tube and cap cool, and at thel same time the said wick-raising devices, being remote from the source of heat, do not here become'a means for vaporizing the oil in the wick, as is the case in all burners for hydrocarbon-lampswith which I am acquainted.

It' it isdesired to obtain a circular tlame instead of a fiat `flame with the described flat wick-tube, I employ an inclosiug tube or cap, M, Figs. 6, 7, and 8, o'f cylindrical form and of greater lengt-h than the wick-tube. The lower end of said tube or cap rests on the base b of the wick-tube B, and has in said end airpassages m m, and in its upper end, at a point slightly above the upper end of the wick-tube B, a row of air-holes, m. In practice I preferably form the cylindrical tube of two sections, M N, as shown. The upper sect-ion, M, constituting the burner-cap, is seated on the upper end of tube-N and adjustable vertically thereon wit-hin certain limits.

The brilliancy o'f the flame may be increased bythe use lof a second cap, M', substantially' like cap M and seated upon the latter, as shown i'n Fig. 8. The dame obtained by means of the described construction is in shape similar to that of a candle--that is to say, more or less of' a tapering cylinder-and to give the burner the appearance of a candle it may be inclosed in a porcelain cylindei, P, Fig.i7, in which ease the base of the wick-tube will be provided with a gallery for the reception of the foot of the porcelain cylinder, and the latter will be provided near its lower end with air-ports p.

The described Y construction of lamp has given most excellent results. I have found among otheradvantages that no glass or other artificial draft device is required and that the darne is smokeless and more steady than the ordinary gas-flame and of the same or superior brilliancy; that the flame may be regulated from a full flame to almost a luminous point or line without smoking, and consequently without smell, nor can the ame be extinguished 'even in a very strong draft.

Lamps provided with my improved burner may be used with or without a shade or globe, and may be constructed for .use in lanterns or for any other purpose of illumination.

`I have also found that the wick does not carbonize; hence a careful trimming `of the same is not necessary; nor does the burner become blackened and encrustedwith carbon,asis the casein all lamps heretofore constructed for burning hydrocarbons,while the consumption of illnminatingagentin proportion to the illuminating-power is much less than in any other lamp with which I am acquainted. Finally, the construction .of` theburner is so simple that itsv durability is thereby insured and its liability to damage correspondingly lessened.

As above described, a tlat detlector or burnercap may be employed in combination with a cylindrical inclosing-t-ube to obtain a flame substantially like that of acandle. Of course a cylindrical wick-tube may be employed in conjunction with theA cylindrical burner tube or cap, or with the cap or casing F, and this may then be of cylindrical form, ifdesircd.

ln order to increase the brilliancy ot' the flame by the production of the combustion, a cross-rod, R, may be interposed in the dame, as shown in Figs. 1 to 5,- thereby dividing the dame prior to its issuing from the slot F2, formed by the converging upper edges of the lips F. This rod or cross-bar not only serves to divide the gases or flame prior to their is- -sue from between the flame or burner lips F',

but vby so doing the said gases or flame are projected laterally into the ascending hot-air currents, thereby effecting a more intimate combination of the air and gases, promoting combustion, and increasing the brilliancy ot' the tlame. This rod R also cooperates with the extinguisher tube, not only to limit the upward movementv thereof, but to close the same almost entirely when projected upward by the spring S. To form a more perfect closure, the upper end of the extinguisher-tube B has diametrically-opposite slots b', Fig. 5, for the reception of the cross rod or wire R', as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3.

Having nowl described my invention, what I claim is 1. A burner for hydrocarbonlamps, comprising a screw-cap for attachment to the oilfount, a flat Wick-tube projecting therefrom,

and a detlector or burner-cap inclosing the upper end ot' the wick-tube and consisting of a polygonal casing whose wider walls converge to form the ilameopening, said wider walls being provided with air-portson and below a line in the plane or slightly below the plane of the upper edge of the wick-tube, said casing having imperforate ends and an oblong slot in its bottom for the passage of the wicktube and for providing an upward draft on all sides of said tube, whereby the entire wicktube, except its upper end, is exposed to the ambient air, and whereby vertical air-currents on all sides of the wick-tube and lateral aircurrents on-two sides only of the upper end tube, said casing'havingaslotted bottom for the passage of the wick-tube and forproviding an upward draft on all sides of the said tube, substantially as and for the purpose specitied.

3. A'burner for hydrocarbon-lamps, com-.

form a flame-passage open at its ends, said side,

walls being provided with air-ports from and below the line in the plane of the upper edge of the wick-tube, said easing having a ,solid bottom provided with a slot for the passage of saidl tube, whereby the entire wick-tube, .except its upper end, is exposed to the ambient air, and whereby upward currents of air are induced 'on all sides ot` said tube and lateral currents on two sides thereof only below the upper edge of the wick, in combination with the wiref4, arranged in the wideri portion ot' the flameopeningin the plane of and above the wick-tube and' wick for dividing the ascendi ng gases and defiecting them laterally into the air-currents, substantially asdescribed.

4. A burner for hydrocarbon-lamps, comprising a screw-cap for attachment to the oilfount, a wicktube Yprojecting therefrom, and a deiiector or burner-cap inclosing the upper end of the wick-tube, consisting of apolygonal casing providedwith imperforate end walls, and whose side Walls are constructed in the formof a attened ellipse and made to converge to form a dame-passage open at its ends and increasing in diameter from the center to its extremities, said side walls being provided with air-ports on lines in and below the plane of the upper edge of the wick-tube, said casing having a slotted bottom for the passage ot' the wick-tube and for providing an upward draft on all sides of said tube, substantially as l the upper end ofthe wick-tube and supported from standards connected with the screw-cap, on which standard said burner-cap is adjustable vertically relatively to the upper end of the wick-tube, whereby the dame-opening in the burner-cap may be adj usted relatively to the wick, and whereby the whole of the Wicktube, except its upper end, is exposed to the ambient air, substantially as described.

6. A burner for hydrocarbon-lamps, comprising a screw-cap for attachment to theoilfount, a ilat wick-tube projecting from said cap, and a deiector or burner-cap consisting of a polygonal casing having imperforate end walls and sidewalls constructed to converge to form a flame-opening, said side walls being provided with air-ports on lines in and below v ICO 115 cap, and a detlector or burner-cap inclosing in combination with standards connected with the screw-cap, on which standards said casing is vertically adjustable, whereby the entire Wick-tube, except its upper end, is exposed to the ambient air, ,and whereby the flame-opening in the burner-cap may be adjusted relatively to the wick-tube and wick, substan tially as and for the purpose specified.

7. A burner for hydrocarbonlamps, coinprsing a screw-cap for connection with the oil-fount and a. dat wick-tube projecting from said cap, in combination with a deliector or burner-cap com posed of a plurality of sec-tions adjustable vertically on the wick-tube and on one another,.the upper section being provided with a flameopening, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

8. Automatic extinguishing devices for hydrocarbon-lamps, comprising a wick tube provided with a screw-cap for connection with the oil-fount, an arm projecting from said screwcap and terminating in a bearing, a lever pivotally connected with thearm, and a weight flexibly connected with the lever and adapted to be supported from the bea-ring at the outer end of the arm, in combination with a springactuated extinguisher-tube inclosing the wicktube and held by said lever against projection (under the stress of its spring) above the upper edge of said wick-tube until the weight falls from its bearing to disengage the lever froml the extinguisher'tube, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

9. Automatic extinguishing devices for hydrocarbon-lamps7 comprising a wick-tube carrying at one end a detiector or burner-cap provided with a cross-bar above and in the plane of said Wick-tube and at its other end a screwcap for connection with the oil-fount, an arm projecting from said screw-cap and terminating in a bearing, a lever pivotally connected with the arm, and a weight exibly connected with the lever and adapted to be supported from the bearing at the outer end of the arm, in combination with a springactuated extinguisher-tube inclosing the wick-tube and held by said lever against projection (under the stress of its spring) above the upper edge of said wick-tube until the weight falls from its 4bearinpr to disengage the lever from the extinguisher-tube, said cross-bar in the burnercap serving to limit the upward movement of the extinguisher-tube, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

-In testimony whereof I aix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

NICHOLAS POUCHKAREFF. W'it nesscs:

FREDERICK KAUPE, Nici-roms TsoHEKALoFF. 

